A Sysadmin's Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) OR What do they call that in this world? | ||||
Contributions and corrections gratefully accepted.
Please help us fill in the blanks. New "tasks" are welcome, too! |
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hardware, firmware, devices | disks | kernel, boot, swap | files, volumes | |
networking | security, backup | software, patching, tracing, logging | references |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux | Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare | Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 | Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
OS notes | By IBM, with input from System V, BSD, etc. etc. Runs mainly on IBM RS/6000 and related hardware. | Data General was aquired by EMC in 1999. | Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not include external packages from /usr/ports. | Hewlett-Packard. | SGI. SVR4-based | (rh) = Red Hat, Mandrake, Suse,... (deb) = Debian, Libranet,... (mand) = Mandrake (SuSE) = SuSE |
Darwin is the Open Source foundation for Mac OS X, descended from NeXTStep | aka MP-RAS | Derived from 4.4BSD-Lite and 386BSD. This table does not include external packages from /usr/pkg. | Forked from NetBSD in 1995. Security emphasis. This table does not include external packages from /usr/ports. | Fujitsu Siemens. Based on DC/OSX from Pyramid, SINIX from Siemens, and SVR4. To be replaced with Solaris by 2008. |
SCO UnixWare 7.0.1& SCO UnixWare 7.1.1 became Caldera Open Unix and later became SCO again. SVR4-based. | Solaris 2.0-2.6, 7, 8, 9 (SunOS 5.*) SVR4-based |
Solaris 1.* BSD-based |
(Digital Unix, OSF/1) (4)= 4.0F/G (5)= 5.0A |
An early DEC Unix, superceded by Digital Unix (now Tru64). | Cray Inc., formed from the March 2000 merger of Tera Computer Company and Cray Research | OS notes |
administrative GUI | smit smitty wsm |
sysadm | /stand/sysinstall pw adduser rmuser vipw chpass |
sam | /usr/sysadm/bin/sysmgr (6.3+) toolchest /usr/Cadmin/bin/* |
(rh, FC2+, RHEL4+) system-config* (rh) redhat-config* linuxconf (obsolete) (SuSE) yast2 (deb) dpkg-reconfigure (mand) drakconf |
Aqua: System Preferences, NetInfo Manager | sysadm | sushi | ? |
sysadm |
scoadmin |
solstice |
? | checklist (5) sysman |
? | checklist /etc/install/install xmenu |
administrative GUI |
managing users | lsuser mkuser chuser rmuser usrck |
useradd userdel |
adduser rmuser pw vipw |
useradd userdel usermod |
/usr/sysadm/privbin/ passmgmt /usr/Cadmin/bin/cpeople |
useradd |
Aqua: System Preferences / Accounts niutil |
useradd userdel usermod sysadm |
useradd userdel userinfo usermod user |
useradd userdel adduser (interactive) usermod |
sysadm useradd userdel |
scoadmin useradd userdel |
useradd userdel usermod /usr/sadm/bin/smuser (9+) groupadd |
edit /etc/passwd and create home directory |
useradd |
adduser removeuser |
xadmin udbgen udbrstrict nu scripts |
managing users |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
list hardware configuration |
prtconf lscfg lsattr lsdev |
dg_sysreport -g hardware | dmesg cat /var/run/dmesg.boot pciconf -l eeprom (SPARC only) |
ioscan |
hinv |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
hostinfo ioreg -bls system_profiler |
prtconf devstat machinetype more /etc/.osm |
dmesg more /var/run/dmesg.boot cat /kern/msgbuf |
dmesg cat /var/run/dmesg.boot |
autoconf -l |
hwconfig /usr/lib/X11/testtools/ |
prtconf -v |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
dia -R full |
dmesg (if you're lucky) |
machid |
list hardware configuration |
show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values |
bootlist -o -m normal |
dg_sysctl | grep BOOTPATH |
? | setboot stm |
nvram printenv/setenv (at command monitor) |
/dev/nvram (if you have it) hwclock nvsetenv |
nvram | eeprom | openprom (on OpenFirmware architectures) |
in bdm (at boot stop or ctrl-a) |
? | eeprom | eeprom | (4.0D+) consvar | ? | ? | show/set EEPROM/NVRAM values |
|
add device without reboot | cfgmgr -v | N/A | camcontrol atacontrol kldload |
ioscan -fnCdevtype; |
scsiha -pr ioconfig -f /hw scsiadminswap -b bus -p |
udev (2.6+) modprobe kerneld insmod hotplug cardctl |
(automatic — autdodiskmounter) | devmgmt mktable |
scsictl atactl |
? | reinitdev changedev |
mkdev | devfsadm. pre-Solaris 7 HW 11/99, use: drvconfig; devlinks; {disks, tapes, ports} |
/dev/MKDEV |
(3.2.*) scu scan edt |
/dev/MAKEDEV | ? | add device without reboot |
tape device | /dev/rmt0 | /dev/rmt/0 | /dev/rsa0 | /dev/rmt/0m | /dev/tape /dev/nrtape |
/dev/st0 | ? | /dev/rmt/c* | /dev/st0 | /dev/st0 | /dev/ios0/rstape001 autoconf -1 | grep TAPE |
/dev/rct0 | /dev/rmt/0 | /dev/rst0 | (5.x) /dev/ntape /dev/tape | /dev/nrmtXh where n=non-rewinding, X a number, h=density | tpmnt | tape device |
stdin/ stdout/ stderr | ? | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | /dev/fd/[012] | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | ? | ? | /dev/fd/[012] | ? | ? | ? | ? | stdin/ stdout/ stderr |
X kvm config | ? | ? | xf86config | itemap | /usr/bin/X11/xsetmon /usr/gfx/setmon |
xf86config XFree86 -configure redhat-config-xfree86 /etc/X11/?dm |
? | xf86config xf86cfg XFree86 -configure |
X -configure | ? | hwconfig | kdmconfig (x86) fbconfig; m64config; (etc.) |
? | ? | ? | ? | X kvm config | |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
read a disk label | lspv -l | admpdisk -o list admvdisk -o list |
disklabel -r | diskinfo pvdisplay |
prtvtoc | fdisk -l | pdisk rawDev -dump Disk Utility |
prtvtoc | disklabel -r disk mbrlabel fdisk |
fdisk -r OR disklabel -rl | dkpart -l | fsname | prtvtoc | dkinfo | disklabel -r | chpt -q | ? | read a disk label |
whole disk in partition | N/A | ? | c | ? | 10 | /dev/hda (e.g. if /dev/hda1 is a partition) |
(non-root partitions are mounted under /Volumes) | s0 | c or d sysctl kern.rawpartition |
c | /dev/ios0/rsdisk???s7 (???=000-999) |
/dev/1s# (#=0,1,...) | 2 | c | c | c | s7 | whole disk in partition |
label a disk | mkvg | admpdisk | fdisk disklabel -wr sysinstall |
pvcreate |
dvhtool |
cfdisk fdisk e2label |
(labels unused) |
sysadm |
disklabel -wr mbrlabel |
disklabel -wr | dksetup | divvy | format prtvtoc (x86) fdisk |
format | disklabel -rw | chpt -a | /etc/labelit | label a disk |
partition a disk | mklv | admpdisk | fdisk sysinstall |
lvcreate sam |
fx | parted (if you have it) fdisk pdisk (on a MAC) (deb) mac-fdisk (on a MAC) (mand) diskdrake |
pdisk | fdisk | disklabel -i | fdisk -e OR disklabel -E | dkpart -e | divvy | format fmthard |
format | disklabel -e | chpt -p | /etc/install/install | partition a disk |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
kernel | /unix | /dgux | /kernel /boot/kernel/kernel |
/hpux (9) /stand/vmunix (10+) |
/unix |
/boot/vmlinuz* (see /etc/lilo.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) |
/mach_kernel | /unix /stand/unix |
/netbsd | /bsd |
/unix /stand/unix |
/unix | /kernel/genunix /platform/`uname -m`/ kernel/unix /platform/`uname -m`/ kernel/sparcv9/unix (7+) |
/vmunix | /vmunix | /vmunix | /unicos | kernel |
show/set kernel parameters | vmo ioo schedo |
vi /var/Build/ system.hostname;; reboot |
/boot/kernel.conf |
sam sysdef kmtune (11+) kctune (11.23+) getconf |
systune | /proc/* /proc/sys/* sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
/usr/sbin/sysctl | sysdef getconf /etc/conf/cf.d/ quicktune.cfg |
sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
sysctl /etc/sysctl.conf |
idtune cat /etc/opt/cf.d/stune cat /etc/opt/cf.d/mtune sysdef -i |
/etc/conf/cf.d/configure -x sysdef |
sysdef |
adb /usr/kvm/sys/ |
dxkerneltuner sysconfig |
adb kdb |
? | show/set kernel parameters |
limit physical memory | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | mem= (in lilo.conf) | nvram bootargs="maxmem=MB" | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | limit physical memory |
loaded kernel modules | genkex | ? | kldstat | kmadmin -s | ? | lsmod | kextstat | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modinfo | ? | ? | ? | ? | loaded kernel modules |
load module | ? | ? | kldload | kmadmin -L | ? | insmod | kextload | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modload | ? | ? | ? | ? | load module |
unload module | ? | ? | kldunload | kmadmin -U | ? | rmmod | kextunload | ? | ? | ? | ? | modadmin | modunload | ? | ? | ? | ? | unload module |
make disk bootable | bosboot -a | dg_sysctl | boot0cfg disklabel |
mkboot | dvhtool |
(rh) mkbootdisk |
bless | dklayout | fdisk -i installboot |
? | dksetup | ? | installboot /usr/platform/ `uname -m` /lib/fs/ufs/bootblk raw_device_file |
/usr/kvm/mdec installboot [-hltv] protobootblk bootdevice |
(4.x+) disklabel -rw -t [ufs|advfs] | ? | ? | make disk bootable |
startup scripts | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* (4-) /etc/rc.d/* (5+) /usr/local/etc/rc.d/* |
/etc/rc* (9) /etc/rc.config.d (preferred) |
/etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ |
/etc/rc* (but may vary) /etc/init.d/ |
/System/Library/ StartupItems/*, /Library/StartupItems/, /etc/rc* |
/etc/rc* |
/etc/rc /etc/rc.* /etc/rc.d/* |
/etc/rc* |
/etc/rc* | /etc/rc* | /etc/rc* /etc/init.d/ (10+) svcadm (10+) svcs |
/etc/rc* | /sbin/init.d; links in /sbin/rc?.d | /etc/rc* | ? | startup scripts |
shutdown (& power off if possible) | shutdown -Fh | ? | ? | shutdown -yh 0 | /etc/shutdown -y -g0 -i0 -p | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | shutdown -i0 | shutdown -y -g0 -i5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | shutdown (& power off if possible) |
run levels 1 *=normal states for more detail see www.phildev.net/runlevels.html |
2: multiuser 6: reboot |
? | -1*: permanently insecure 0: insecure 1: secure 2: highly secure 3: network secure |
0: shut down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser 3*: share NFS 4*: start GUI 5: user-defined 6: user-defined |
0: power-down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2: multiuser (no NFS) 3*: multiuser 4: user-defined 5: firmware monitor |
(set in /etc/inittab) 0: halt s,S,1: vendor-dependent 1: single-user 2-5*: multiuser 6: reboot |
? | (set in /etc/inittab) 0: shutdown s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2*: multi-user 3: share NFS 4: user-defined 5: firmware 6: reboot |
-1: permanently insecure 0*: insecure 1*: secure 2: highly secure |
-1: permanently insecure 0*: insecure 1*: secure 2: highly secure |
0: power-down s,S: single-user 1: sys admin 2*: multiuser 3+4*: user-defined 5: firmware update 6: reboot |
? |
0: firmware monitor |
? | 0: shut down 1: single user 2: multi-user, no NFS 3: multi-user 6: reboot |
0: shut down 1: single user 2: multi-user, no NFS 3: multi-user 6: reboot |
? |
run levels 1 |
show runlevel 1 | who -r | who -r | sysctl kern.securelevel | who -r | who -r | /sbin/runlevel | (runlevels unused) | who -r | sysctl kern.securelevel | sysctl kern.securelevel | who -r | who -r | who -r | ? | who -r | ? | who -r | show runlevel 1 |
time zone info | /etc/environment ($TZ) | /etc/TIMEZONE | /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo |
/usr/lib/tztab | /usr/lib/locale/TZ/ /etc/TIMEZONE |
/usr/share/zoneinfo/ | /usr/share/zoneinfo/ | /usr/lib/locale/TZ | /etc/localtime /usr/share/zoneinfo/ |
/usr/share/zoneinfo/ /etc/localtime |
? | ? | /usr/share/lib/zoneinfo/ | ? | /etc/zoneinfo | ? | ? | time zone info |
check swap space | lsps -a | admswap -o list -buv dg_sysreport -p freeswap systat -swap |
swapinfo pstat -s |
swapinfo | swap -s swap -l |
swapon -s cat /proc/meminfo cat /proc/swaps free |
ls -l /var/vm vm_stat |
swap -s swap -l sar -r |
swapctl -l | swapctl | swap -s swap -l |
swap -l | swap -s swap -l |
pstat -s | swapon -s | ? | /etc/swapper | check swap space |
bind process to CPU | taskset (sched-utils) | pbind | bind process to CPU | |||||||||||||||
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
"normal" filesystem | jfs | dg/ux | ufs/ffs/ufs2 (5+) ext2 |
hfs |
efs, xfs | ext2 ext3 ReiserFS |
ufs hfs+ |
vxfs | ffs (was ufs) | ffs (was ufs) | vxfs ufs (root) |
htfs (OpenServer 5) vxfs |
ufs | 4.2 |
(4) ufs |
ufs | NC1FS C2FS |
"normal" filesystem |
volume-based filesystem | jfs | admvdisk |
ccd |
jfs (vxfs) LVM VxVM ($) |
xlv, xvm, xfs | LVM, LVM2 EVMS VxVM ($) |
? | vdisk VxVM |
ccd, raidframe |
ccd raid |
vdisk | vdisk | Solstice DiskSuite VxVM ($) |
? | Advfs LSM |
N/A | ? | volume-based filesystem |
file system description |
/etc/filesystems | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/checklist (9) /etc/fstab (10+) |
/etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | NetInfo | /etc/vfstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | /etc/vfstab /etc/dktab |
/etc/mnttab |
/etc/vfstab (local) | /etc/fstab | /etc/fstab AdvFS: /etc/fdmns |
/etc/fstab | /etc/fstab | file system description |
volume manipulation |
smitty vg |
sysadm |
vinum |
vg*; lv*; pv* extendfs fsadm |
xlv_mgr |
e2fsadm lvcreate lvremove lvextend |
Disk Utility / pdisk / diskutil | vxva | ccdconfig raidctl |
ccdconfig raidctl |
dkconfig dkmirror dkmap |
? |
meta* /opt/VRTSvxva/bin/vxva |
? | AdvFS: mkfdmn, mkfset, addvol, showfdmn LSM: volassist or volmake, volume, volplex and volsd, volprint |
? | /etc/install/install | volume manipulation |
create filesystem | crfs | admfilesystem | newfs | mkfs newfs |
mkfs | mke2fs mkreiserfs mkdosfs |
newfs newfs_hfs newfs_mdos |
mkfs | newfs makefs |
newfs | mkfs newfs |
divvy (OpenServer 5) mkfs |
newfs mkfs |
newfs mkfs |
AdvFS: mkfdmn UFS: newfs MFS: mfs |
newfs mkfs |
bb mkfs labelit |
create filesystem |
file system debugging and recovery | dfsck fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri |
fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri xfs_repair |
fsck debugfs e2undel |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | fsck fsdb clri |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | fsck fsdb |
fsck fsdb clri |
? | ? | ? | ? | file system debugging and recovery |
create non-0-length empty file | lmktemp | ? | truncate -s size[K|M|G] filename dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=size[b|k|m|g] \ count=desired |
prealloc | mkfile | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired |
mkfile dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024 count=desired |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024 count=desired |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1m count=desired | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired | mkfile dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1k |
dd if=/dev/zero of=filenmae bs=1024 count=desired | mkfile | mkfile | dd if=/dev/zero of=filename bs=1024k count=desired | ? | ? | create non-0-length empty file |
mount CDROM |
mount -v cdrfs -o ro smitty cdrom |
mount -t cdrom /dev/pdsk/disk/cdrom |
mount /cdrom mount_cd9660 |
pfs_mountd mount -orr /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom (requires "Rock Ridge extension" patches, 11+) |
(see man mediad) (mounts automatically when CD inserted) |
mount /mnt/cdrom (deb) mount /cdrom |
(automatic — automounter) diskutil mount /dev/disk1s0 |
mount -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdromX /cdrom |
mount -t cd9660 -o ro /dev/cd0a path | mount -t cd9660 -r /dev/cd0a path | mount -F hs ... sysadm |
mount /dev/cd0 path | /etc/init.d/vold start; volcheck or mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s2 /cdrom |
mount -t hsfs -r /dev/sr0 /cdrom |
mount /dev/disk/cdromXa |
? | ? | mount CDROM |
eject CDROM | diskutil eject /dev/disk1s0 /Volumes/theCDmountpoint |
eject cdrom | eject CDROM | |||||||||||||||
create/mount ISO image | ? | ? | mdconfig; mount | nohup pfs_mountd&; nohup pfsd&; pfs_mount -t iso9660 -x unix pathToIso mountPoint |
? |
mkisofs mount -o loop pathToIso |
hdiutil | ? | makefs -t cd9660 image_file directory; vnconfig -c vnd0 image_file; mount -t cd9660 /dev/vnd0a |
mkhybrid -o image.iso dir vnconfig vnd0 image.iso && mount -t cd9660 /dev/vnd0c
mountPoint |
? | ? |
mkisofs2;DEVICE=`lofiadm -a /absolute_pathname/image.iso`
; mount -F hsfs -o ro |
? | ? | ? | ? | create/mount ISO image |
ACL management | aclget aclput acledit ls -e |
? | getfacl setfacl {get,set}{f,p}mac |
lsacl chacl getacl setacl |
chacl (see man acl) |
getfacl setfacl |
fsaclctl | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | getfacl setfacl |
? | ? | ? | ? | ACL management |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
NFS share definitions | /etc/exports /etc/xtab |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/exports | NetInfo: /exports Netinfo: /config/SharePoints |
/etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab |
/etc/exports | /etc/dfs/dfstab dfshares |
/etc/exports | /etc/exports | ? | /etc/exports | NFS share definitions |
NFS share command | exportfs -a | exportfs -a | kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | exportfs -a | exportfs -a | /etc/init.d/nfs-server reload (rh) exportfs -a |
kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | share shareall |
kill -s HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` /etc/rc.d/mountd reload |
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/mountd.pid` | share shareall |
exportfs -a /etc/nfs start |
share shareall |
exportfs -a | /sbin/init.d/nfs start; /sbin/init.d/nfsmount start | ? | exportfs -a | NFS share command |
NFS information | nfsstat nfso -as |
nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | mount | grep nfs | cat /proc/mounts | ? | ? | nfsstat | nfsstat | ? | showmount nfsstat |
showmount |
? | ? | ? | ? | NFS information |
name resolution order | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/netsvc.conf | /etc/host.conf (4-) /etc/nsswitch.conf (5+) |
/etc/nsswitch.conf | 6+: /etc/nsswitch.conf 5.3: /etc/resolv.conf |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf |
NetInfo | tcpconfig /etc/netconfig |
/etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf (obsolete) |
/etc/resolv.conf | /etc/netconfig | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf getent |
(hardcoded into libc) |
/etc/nsswitch.conf |
? | /etc/hosts.usenamed | name resolution order |
show network interface info | ifconfig -a no -a netstat -i netstat -v lsattr -E -l entX |
netstat -i ifconfig |
ifconfig -a | lanadmin landiag lanscan netstat -in ifconfig lanx |
ifconfig -a netstat -ia |
ifconfig ethtool |
ifconfig -a | ifconfig -a ildconfig netstat -in |
ifconfig -a netstat -in |
ifconfig -A | ifconfig -a inetstat -in etherstat cmxinfo |
ifconfig -a |
ndd ifconfig -a netstat -in (8+) kstat -n hme0 | egrep 'ifspeed|duplex' |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig -a |
ifconfig | ifconfig -a netstat -in |
show network interface info |
change IP |
smitty chinet chdev -a netaddr= |
sysadm | edit /etc/rc.conf (option ifconfig_interfacename) ifconfig |
/sbin/set_parms initial ifconfig |
edit: /etc/{hosts, sys_id, resolv.conf, TIMEZONE}, /etc/config/ {static-route.options, ifconfig-1.options}; reboot |
(rh) redhat-config-network |
System Preferences: Network NetInfo |
ifconfig tcpconfig |
edit /etc/ifconfig.interface edit /etc/rc.conf (ifconfig*) |
edit /etc/hostname.driver | sysadm ifconfig (temp.) vi /etc/default/inet |
ifconfig netconfig |
edit: /etc/{resolv.conf, hosts, hostname.*, netmasks, nodename,
sys-unconfig; reboot (this is overkill for a simple IP or hostname change) |
edit /etc/hosts /etc/hostname.* |
(4.x) netsetup (5.x) sysman net_wizard or netconfig |
? |
netconfig /etc/install/install |
change IP |
start DHCP client | ? | dhcpd | dhclient | ? | proclaim | dhcpcd | ? | ? | dhclient | ? | ? | ? | ifconfig interface dhcp | ? | ? | ? | ? | start DHCP client |
ping one packet | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -s -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping hostname 10 1 (9) ping hostname -n 1 (10+) |
ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping -c 1 hostname | ping hostname packetsize 1 | ping hostname packetsize 1 |
ping -c 1 |
? | ping hostname | ping one packet |
sniff network | iptrace ipreport |
tcpdump | tcpdump |
nettl |
snoop tcpdump |
etherfind tcpdump ethereal etherape |
tcpdump | tcpdump |
tcpdump | tcpdump | tcpdump | ? | snoop | etherfind | tcpdump | ? | ? | sniff network |
route definitions | netstat -r smitty route |
sysadm | edit /etc/rc.conf (option defaultrouter) netstat -r route |
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf netstat -r |
/etc/config/ static-route.options |
route (rh) /etc/sysconfig/network (rh) /etc/sysconfig/static-routes (deb) /etc/init.d/network (deb) /etc/network |
netstat -r | tcpconfig /etc/inet/defaultrouter /etc/inet/gate* netstat -r |
netstat -r |
netstat -r route show |
netstat -r | netstat -r |
/etc/defaultrouter |
/etc/defaultrouter (kernel tweak or adb to diable forwarding) |
/etc/routes | ? | netstat -r | route definitions |
telnetd, ftpd banner | /etc/security/login.cfg | ? | /etc/ftpwelcome | /etc/inetd.conf (telnet) | /etc/issue | /etc/issue.net (telnet) (ftp varies; can use tcp wrappers) |
/etc/ftpwelcome | /etc/issue ~ftp/etc/issue ~ftp/etc/msgs/welcome |
/etc/motd /etc/ftpwelcome /etc/issue if enabled via if= in /etc/gettytab |
/etc/issue.net /etc/ftpwelcome |
/etc/issue | ? | /etc/default/telnetd /etc/default/ftpd |
n/a | /etc/issue | ? | /etc/issue /etc/motd |
telnetd, ftpd banner |
set date/time (from net: ntp or other) |
ntpdate | ? | ? | ntpdate | timeslave | ntpdate rdate netdate |
? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ntpdate rdate |
? | ntpdate | ? | ? | set date/time (from net: ntp or other) |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
encrypted passwords in | /etc/security/passwd | /etc/shadow | /etc/master.passwd | /etc/passwd (not Trusted) /.secure/etc/passwd (Trusted 9) /tcb/files/auth/ (10+) /etc/shadow (11.22+) |
/etc/shadow | /etc/shadow (may vary) | NetInfo | /etc/shadow | /etc/master.passwd (/etc/spwd.db) | /etc/master.passwd (/etc/pwd.db) | /etc/shadow | /etc/shadow | /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd | /tcb/files/auth (only with Enhanced Security) | /etc/shadow | /etc/udb | encrypted passwords in |
allow/deny root logins |
/etc/security/user | /etc/default/login | /etc/login.access; /etc/ttys |
/etc/securetty | /etc/default/login | /etc/securetty | /etc/ttys (doesn't affect ssh) | /etc/default/login | /etc/ttys | /etc/ttys | /etc/default/login | /dev/default/login | /etc/default/login | /dev/ttytab | /etc/securettys | /etc/securettys | udbrestrict -R | allow/deny root logins |
firewall config | ? | ? | ipfw ipf pf |
/etc/opt/ipf/ipf.conf | /etc/ipf.conf | iptables ipchains ipfwadm (rh) redhat-config- securitylevel |
Aqua / System Prefs / Sharing / Firewall ipfw |
? |
/etc/ipf.conf pfctl (3.0+) |
pfctl /etc/pf.conf |
? | ? | (9+) /usr/aset/ | ? | ? | ? | ? | firewall config |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
show installed software | lslpp -L | pkginfo | pkg_info ls /var/db/pkg |
rmfn, what (HP-UX 9) swlist (HP-UX 10+) |
versions |
(rh) rpm -a -i (rh) rpm -qa (rh) yum list installed (deb) dselect (deb) aptitude (deb) dpkg -l |
ls /Applications |
displaypkg pkginfo |
pkg_info | pkg_info | pkginfo -l sysadm |
swconfig (OpenServer 5) |
pkginfo prodreg admintool /var/sadm/install/contents |
? | setld -i | ? | ? | show installed software |
add software |
smitty install_all /usr/lib/instl/sm_inst |
sysadm | /stand/sysinstall /usr/ports make pkg_add portinstall (from /usr/ports) |
swinstall | inst swmgr |
(rh) rpm -hiv (rh) yum install pkg (deb) dselect (deb) apt-get install pkg (deb) dpkg -i |
installpkg drag-and-drop |
pkgadd pkgplus |
pkg_add /usr/pkgsrc && make |
pkg_add /usr/ports && make |
pkgadd sysadm |
custom |
pkgadd | ? | setld -l | ? | ? | add software |
precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware | www-1.ibm.com/servers/ aix/products/aixos/linux/ download.html aixpdslib.seas.ucla.edu/ aixpdslib.html bullfreeware.com |
http://www.signal42.com/ xfree86/4.2.0/binaries/ DGUX-ix86/ |
ftp.freebsd.org/ pub/FreeBSD www.freebsd.org |
www.linux.org linux.tucows.com sourceforge.net rpmfind.net (deb) ftp.debian.org (deb) packages.debian.org |
? | ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/ NetBSD/packages |
ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/ pub/OpenBSD/<version>/ packages |
? | www.caldera.com/ skunkware |
www.sunfreeware.com www.blastwave.org |
? | www.tru64unix.compaq.com/ demos tpegsrvr.zk3.dec.com/ freeware/tbl_packages.html |
? | ? | precompiled binaries of GPLware and freeware | |||
C compiler | /usr/ibmcxx/bin/cc | /usr/sde/default/usr/bin/cc gcc |
/usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /opt/softbench/bin/cc ($) /bin/cc (9) /usr/bin/cc (10+; not necessarily ANSI; kernel builder only) |
/opt/MIPSpro/ bin/cc ($) /usr/bin/cc |
gcc | /usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /usr/bin/cc (Metaware) |
/usr/bin/cc (gcc) | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /opt/SUNWspro/ bin/cc2 |
/usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /usr/bin/cc | /opt/ctl/bin/cc | C compiler |
show patch level and/or patches |
instfix -ivq oslevel -r |
what /dgux | uname -a | swlist -l product | grep PHsomeString |
versions -b | grep patch (6.4-) |
(rh) rpm -q (rh) cat /proc/version (deb) dpkg -s |
sw_vers Apple:About This Mac ls /Library/Receipts uname -a lsbom cat /System/Library/ CoreServices/ SystemVersion.plist |
pkginfo -l | cat /kern/version uname -a /etc/release |
sysctl -n kern.version | uname -a pkginfo | grep EKS |
swconfig -P | showrev -p prodreg (2.6+) patchadd -p cat /etc/release |
showrev -p (if you're lucky) |
dupatch -track -type kit dupatch -track -type patch setld -i | grep patchname sizer -vB |
? | ? | show patch level and/or patches |
patch tool | installp smitty update_all |
dg_sysreport -p patches | (cvsup or cvs to update, then rebuild) |
update (9) swinstall (10+) |
inst swmgr |
apt-get update apt-get upgrade (rh) up2date (rh) yum update (mand) urpmi |
System Preferences / Software Update softwareupdate |
pkgadd pkgplus |
cvs patch |
cvs/CTM | pkgadd sysadm |
pkgadd; pkgrm | installpatch (2.5.1-) patchadd (2.6+) pkgadd; pkgrm /usr/sadm/bin/smpatch (9+) |
n/a | setld -i dupatch |
? | ? | patch tool |
configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html |
dump -H ldd |
? | ldd ldconfig kldstat |
chatr ldd (11+) kmadmin |
ldd rld _RLD_LIST |
ldconfig ldd lsmod |
otool -L | ldd ldconfig |
ldd nm ldconfig |
ldd ldconfig |
ldd | ? | crle ldd pldd modinfo LD_PRELOAD |
ldd | odump -Dl ldd |
? | ? | configure/show runtime linking fortran-2000.com/ ArnaudRecipes/ sharedlib.html |
link library path | $LIBPATH | $LIBPATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH (64-bit) $SHLIB_PATH (32- or 64-bit) |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH $RLD*_PATH |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf |
$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH /etc/ld.so.conf |
? | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | ? | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH (7+ deprecated in favor of crle) |
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH | $LD_LIBRARY_PATH | ? | $LDPATH | link library path |
tracing utility | trace syscalls truss watch |
?=dg_strace (>=4.20MU06) |
ktrace truss |
trace (freeware) tusc (11+, freeware) |
par prfstat |
strace |
ktrace; kdump fs_usage |
truss | ktrace ktruss kdump |
ktrace ptrace |
truss scstat |
truss |
truss |
trace | trace truss |
? | cdbx jumptrace |
tracing utility |
define user defaults | /etc/security/ mkuser.default /etc/environment |
admuser -o set | /etc/login.conf | /etc/default /etc/PATH /etc/MANPATH /etc/default/* |
/etc/default/login |
/etc/profile /etc/security/ /etc/skel/ |
/usr/bin/defaults | /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/ |
/etc/profile /etc/skel/* login.conf |
/etc/profile |
/etc/default/login /etc/profile $HOME/.profile |
? | /etc/default/login /etc/profile /etc/security/ |
/etc/profile | /etc/skel /etc/profile |
/etc/skel /etc/profile |
udbgen nu scripts |
define user defaults |
csh global .login | ? | ? | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/cshrc | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/.login | /etc/csh.login | /etc/csh.login | ? | ? | /etc/.login | ? | /etc/csh.login | ? | /etc/login | csh global .login |
default syslog and messages | /var/adm/syslog /var/adm/messages |
/var/adm/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log /var/adm/sulog /var/spool/mqueue/syslog |
/var/adm/SYSLOG /var/adm/sulog |
/var/log/syslog /var/log/messages /usr/adm/messages /var/log/maillog |
/var/log/system.log | /var/adm/streams /var/adm/usererr /etc/.osm |
/var/log/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/adm/log/messages | /usr/adm/syslog /var/adm/log/osmlog |
/var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog |
/var/adm/messages /var/log/syslog (sendmail) |
(4.x+) /var/adm/messages /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user) /var/adm/binary.errlog |
/var/adm/messages /var/adm/syslog.dated (kern, auth, daemon, lpr, syslog, user) /var/adm/binary.errlog |
/usr/adm/messages | default syslog and messages |
system error reporting tool | errpt | admsyslog -o report | dmesg send-pr |
dmesg sysdiag (9 and early10) stm/cstm/mstm/xstm (10.20+) EMS (from support CD) |
sysmon amsyslog availmon eventmond imdmonitor syserrpanel |
dmesg (deb) reportbug |
Console /var/log/crash.log, dmesg |
odm errpt |
dmesg cat /kern/msgbuf |
dmesg | sysadm log3 WebSysAdmin |
dmesg | prtdiag | dmesg | (4.x) uerf; dia (DECevent) (5.x) (System errors) EVM (evmget; evmshow) (Hardware errors) dia; ca (Compqaq analyze) |
uerf | errpt | system error reporting tool |
performance monitoring |
ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/ vmstat; iostat; sar; filemon; topas; trace; svmon; netpmon |
sar netstat uustat |
fstat; nfsstat; systat; vmstat; netstat; uustat; top; iostat | top; sar; vmstat; iostat; nfsstat; netstat; uustat; Glance($) |
pcp; dkstat; pmkstat; sar; osview; gr_osview; ecstats; linkstat; netstat; nfsstat; nfsvis; nodevis; routervis; nstats; top |
vmstat procinfo -D |
vm_stat; nfsstat; fs_usage; sc_usage; top Activity Monitor (10.3+) Process Viewer (10.2-) |
sar; pinfo -v; modstat; netstat; nfsstat; pppstat; smtpstat; snmpstat; uustat; top |
iostat; netstat; systat; vmstat |
iostat; pstat; systat; vmstat |
vmstat; mpstat; dkstat; sar; netstat; scstat |
sar |
sar; iostat; kstat; |
iostat; netstat; vmstat | iostat; nfsstat; vmstat /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar |
iostat; nfsstat; vmstat /usr/opt/sv4b/bin/sar |
sar; xsar; tsar; xsam; |
performance monitoring |
match process to file or port | procfiles (5.2+, files only) | fuser | lsof sockstat |
lsof fuser |
fuser | lsof netstat -atup |
lsof | fuser | fstat | fstat | fuser | ? | fuser lsof2 pfiles |
? | ? | ? | ? | match process to file or port |
X pop-up | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | ? | ? | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | /usr/bin/X11/xconfirm | /usr/X11R6/bin/xmessage | osascript -e 'tell application "Finder" to display dialog "msg"' | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | /usr/dt/bin/dterror.ds | ? | ? | ? | ? | X pop-up |
TASK \ OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux |
Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare |
Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS / TASK |
FAQs (see also faqs.org) | www.faqs.org/faqs/ aix-faq/part1/ preamble.html |
www-csc.dg.com/csc/ dguxfaqs1.asp |
www.freebsd.org/doc/ en_US.ISO8859-1/books/faq |
www.faqs.org/faqs/ hp/hpux-faq/preamble.html |
techpubs.sgi.com/library/ tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi?coll=0650 &db=FAQ |
? | www.netbsd.org/ Documentation |
www.openbsd.org/faq | ? | pcunix.com/SCOFAQ/ | www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ FAQ/ www.faqs.org/faqs/Solaris2/ x86/FAQ/ www.stokely.com/ unix.sysadm.resources/ faqs.sun.html sunhelp.org |
www.faqs.org/faqs/ comp-sys-sun-faq/ |
www2.tru64.org/faq/ tru64_faq.php |
www.supelec.fr/decus/ faq/faq-ultrix.html |
www.spikynorman .net |
FAQs (see also faqs.org) | ||
mailing list | AIX-L@pucc. princeton.edu (LISTSERV) |
? | www.freebsd.org/ handbook/ eresources.html #ERESOURCES-MAIL |
hpux-admin@ dutchworks.nl (majordomo) |
? | lists.apple.com | ? | www.netbsd.org/ MailingLists |
www.openbsd.org/ mail.html |
? | ? | sun-managers@sunmanagers .org (majordomo) |
sun-managers@ sunmanagers .ececs.uc.edu (majordomo) |
tru64-unix-man agers@ornl.gov (majordomo) http://www.ornl.gov/its/archives/ mailing-lists/ |
decstation-man agers@ornl.gov (majordomo) |
? | mailing list | |
mailing list archives | ? | www.freebsd. org/ search.html# mailinglists |
www.dutch works.nl/ htbin/hpsysadmin |
? | www.linuxmanagers.org/ pipermail/linuxmanagers lists.debian.org |
lists.apple.com | ? | www.netbsd.org/ MailingLists |
www.openbsd.org/ mail.html |
? | ? | www.latech. edu/sunman.html |
www-archive. ornl.gov:8000 |
www-archive. ornl. gov:8000 |
? | mailing list archives | ||
man pages |
publib.boulder.ibm.com/ infocenter/pseries/ v5r3/index.jsp? topic=/com.ibm.aix.doc/ infocenter/base/ alphabeticallistofcommands.htm |
? | www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi |
docs.hp.com/en/hpuxman_pages.html hpuxman_pages.html |
techpubs.sgi.com/ library/tpl/cgi-bin/browse.cgi? coll=&db=man |
Fedora Core 4: |
? | ? | ? | www.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/man.cgi | ? | uw714doc.sco.com/en/Navpages/ | docs.sun.com/ app/docs/ coll/40.10 |
? | ? | ? | ? |
man pages |
newsgroup(s) and forums groups.google |
comp.unix.aix www.thp.uni-duisburg.de/ cuaix/cuaix.html |
comp.os.aos | comp.unix.bsd freebsd.misc |
comp.sys.hp.hpux | comp.sys.sgi.admin | comp.os.linux.* (esp .answers) | comp.sys.mac.* | comp.sys.ncr | comp.unix.bsd. netbsd.misc |
comp.unix.bsd. openbsd.misc lucky.openbsd.misc |
de.comp.os.unix.sinix | comp.unix.sco.misc | comp.sys.sun. admin, comp.unix.solaris |
comp.sys.sun admin |
comp.sys.dec, comp.unix.tru64 | comp.unix.ultrix | comp.unix.cray |
newsgroup(s) and forums |
user groups | www.userblue.org | ? | www.freebsd.org/ support.html#user |
www.interex.org | ? | www.debianhelp.org | www.apple.com/ usergroups www.omnigroup.com/ developer/mailinglists www.themacintoshguy. com/lists/X.html |
? | www.netbsd.org/gallery/ groups.html |
undeadly.org | ? | ? | ? | ? | Encompass/DECUS | ? | www.cug.org www.excray.com |
user groups |
magazines | ? | www.daemonews.com | www.hpchronicle.com www.interex.org/hpuxusr www.hppro.com |
www.sgi.com/support/ pipeline.html |
www.linuxjournal.com www.linux-mag.com www.debianplanet.org |
www.macworld.com www.stepwise.com |
? | www.daemonnews.com | undeadly.org | ? | ? | www.sunworld.com sun.com/sun-on-net/itworld |
? | www.tru64.org | ? | ? | magazines | |
vendor home page | www.developer.ibm.com/ tech/map/aixrm.html |
www.freebsd.org | unix.hp.com | www.sgi.com/software/ software.html#IRIX |
www.linux.org www.redhat.com www.debian.org |
www.apple.com | ncr.com teradata.com |
www.netbsd.org | www.openbsd.org | www.fujistu-siemens.com | www.caldera.com/ products/openunix |
sun.com/solaris sun.com/bigadmin sun.com/developers/support soldc.sun.com access1.sun.com |
? | www.tru64unix .compaq.com |
www.supelec.fr/decus/ faq/faq-ultrix.html |
www.cray.com | vendor home page | |
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) | www-csc.dg.com/csc/ custdocsasp/ custdocs2.asp? category=069docs.asp |
www.freebsd.org/handbook www.freebsd.org/releases/ 4.0R/errata.html |
techpubs.sgi.com |
developer.apple.com/ |
www.info.ncr.com/ eCRM- OSHW-Browse By-Results.cfm ?pl=&PID=&title= &release= &pl=Software %20-%20 MP-RAS&sbrn=3 |
www.netbsd.org/ Security |
www.openbsd.org/ docum.html www.openbsd.org/ errata.html |
service.fujitsu-siemens .com its.siemens.com/lobs/its/ its_sc/eks_en/unix_en.htm |
www.caldera.com/support | docs.sun.com sunsolve.sun.com |
? | www.tru64unix .compaq.com/docs |
N/A (EOL) | www.cray.com/ craydoc |
vendor docs and patches (see also man pages) | |||
vendor phone (US) | AIX: 800-237-5511 IBM hardware: 800-426-7378 |
? | 925-674-0783 (FreeBSD Mall) |
800-633-3600 | 800-800-4SGI | ? | 1-800-MY-APPLE | ? | ? | ? | (Germany) +49-5251-80 |
? | 800-USA-4SUN | ? | 800-344-4825 | 800-344-4825 | ? | vendor phone (US) |
TASK / OS | AIX | DG/UX | FreeBSD | HP-UX | IRIX | Linux | Mac OS X | NCR Unix | NetBSD | OpenBSD | Reliant | SCO UnixWare | Solaris | SunOS 4 | Tru64 (Digital Unix, OSF/1) (4) 4.0F/G (5) 5.0A |
Ultrix | UNICOS | OS \ TASK |
Footnotes
1. In System V-based Unixes, run level relates to booting, shutdown, and single-user mode. In BSD, it has to do with security.
2. Freeware or separately downloadable; not part of the base OS. See the precompiled binaries task or web search.
Universal Command Guide is a large book which covers several of the OSs in this table. See http://www.allcommands.com
UnixGuide.net has a similar table covering fewer Unix versions and a somewhat different set of tasks. See http://unixguide.net/cgi-bin/unixguide.cgi
coolcommands is a search engine giving one-line command examples: http://www.coolcommands.com/index.php?option=com_cc&Itemid=28
Solaris / HP-UX / FreeBSD / Linux / AIX: http://www.unixporting.com/quickguide.html
Solaris / HP-UX: http://soldc.sun.com/migration/hpux/migissues/. If that page no longer exists, get an archived version from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at http://www.archive.org/web/web.php
AIX 4.3.3 / Solaris 8: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp0104.pdf
Unix history time line: http://www.levenez.com/unix/
Heiner Steven's AWK dialects page: http://www.shelldorado.com/articles/awkcompat.html
Ben Zorn's Debugging Tools for Dynamic Storage Allocation and Memory Management: http://www.cs.colorado.edu/homes/zorn/public_html/MallocDebug.html
Most modern Unixes conform to the POSIX standards: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX
USENIX: http://www.usenix.org/
USENIX System Administrator's Guild: http://sage.org/
League of Professional System Administrators: http://lopsa.org/
This page is http://bhami.com/rosetta.html last updated 2007.01.01. This compilation Copyright © 2000-2007 Bruce Hamilton bhami@pobox.com. Reproduce freely for personal use. Do not reproduce for commercial purposes. LINK don't copy, or you will miss updates! Original concept by Pat Wilson. Thanks to Bitt Faulk and Mårten Svantesson for the improved JavaScript.